I developed several novel sensors for mapping and imaging. My work on VIPER resulted in the first space-qualified LED lighting system for rover navigation (active stereo). My image-directed structured light scanner optically co-located a stereo camera pair with the output illumination of a DLP projector using a beam splitters. This configuration enables intelligent sample acquisition in the optical domain with high resolution interpolation and texturing. During my thesis, I also built a room-sized gonioreflectometer/sun simulator with no moving parts using an array of commodity SLR cameras and LED illumination. This design was accurate enough to extract BRDFs of planetary materials for rendering purposes at 1/100th the cost of commercial spherical gantries.